常用的海岛边坡修复技术有哪些？如何修复海岛边坡？

海岛边(bian)(bian)坡(po)主(zhu)要依据边(bian)(bian)坡(po)物质组成、边(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)和(he)(he)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)高(gao)度(du)进行分类。依据物质组成，其可以分为(wei)(wei)岩质边(bian)(bian)坡(po)和(he)(he)土质边(bian)(bian)坡(po)；按照边(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)，可以分为(wei)(wei)缓坡(po)、中等(deng)坡(po)、陡(dou)坡(po)和(he)(he)急坡(po)。陡(dou)坡(po)基层附着条件(jian)(jian)差，暴雨时易(yi)发生水土流失甚至坍塌，破坏后(hou)，缺乏(fa)植物生长(zhang)所必需的土壤条件(jian)(jian)及养分条件(jian)(jian)。按边(bian)(bian)坡(po)高(gao)度(du)不(bu)同，海岛边(bian)(bian)坡(po)可分为(wei)(wei)超(chao)高(gao)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)、高(gao)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)、中边(bian)(bian)坡(po)、低(di)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)。

目前，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)海岛边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)修(xiu)复技术有削坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)绿(lv)化、爬(pa)(pa)藤(teng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物护(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、网格(ge)梁(liang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、生态(tai)袋(dai)护(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、喷(pen)(pen)混(hun)(hun)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生护(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)以及(ji)辅助手段挡(dang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)墙(qiang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)等(deng)(deng)。将边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)放缓通(tong)(tong)常是(shi)治理边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)首选措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。通(tong)(tong)过削坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)处理，去掉边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)表面不(bu)稳(wen)定(ding)岩土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)体(ti)(ti)，使边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)放缓，提高边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)稳(wen)定(ding)性。爬(pa)(pa)藤(teng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物护(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)法通(tong)(tong)过在(zai)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)脚种植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具有吸盘(pan)等(deng)(deng)吸附(fu)攀(pan)爬(pa)(pa)能力的(de)(de)爬(pa)(pa)藤(teng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，布满(man)整(zheng)个边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。爬(pa)(pa)藤(teng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物绿(lv)化边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)基(ji)础(chu)条件(jian)是(shi)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)结构稳(wen)定(ding)，坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)面为土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)、岩质(zhi)(zhi)、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)条件(jian)均可。网格(ge)梁(liang)采用(yong)(yong)钢(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)结构，梁(liang)交汇处采用(yong)(yong)锚(mao)杆加固。在(zai)钢(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)网格(ge)梁(liang)中间(jian)回填种植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，种植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被，通(tong)(tong)常种植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)草皮，达到(dao)表面快速(su)覆盖植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。生态(tai)袋(dai)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)袋(dai)体(ti)(ti)堆叠对边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)进行防护(hu)(hu)(hu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工时在(zai)生态(tai)袋(dai)内装满(man)肥料、种植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，依据设计坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)度逐层(ceng)叠压，层(ceng)间(jian)采用(yong)(yong)标准(zhun)扣(kou)连(lian)接，生态(tai)袋(dai)绿(lv)化可将种子放在(zai)生态(tai)袋(dai)中混(hun)(hun)播(bo)，或施(shi)(shi)(shi)工时进行压播(bo)和插播(bo)，也可在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工后实施(shi)(shi)(shi)喷(pen)(pen)播(bo)。喷(pen)(pen)混(hun)(hun)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)修(xiu)复法是(shi)先对清(qing)理后的(de)(de)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)表面铺铁丝网，并用(yong)(yong)钢(gang)锚(mao)钉固定(ding)，然后将保水(shui)剂、黏合(he)剂、团粒结构调节剂、植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物纤(xian)维、泥炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、腐殖土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、缓释复合(he)肥等(deng)(deng)混(hun)(hun)合(he)干(gan)料按(an)比(bi)例搅(jiao)拌均匀，再用(yong)(yong)喷(pen)(pen)射泵和空(kong)压机将干(gan)料送至喷(pen)(pen)射管口，将混(hun)(hun)合(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和适量水(shui)喷(pen)(pen)射在(zai)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)面和铁丝网上，最终喷(pen)(pen)射厚度为20～30cm。当土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)度超(chao)过所(suo)容许极(ji)限坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)度时，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)体(ti)(ti)极(ji)易失稳(wen)，造(zao)成坍(tan)塌破(po)损(sun)，在(zai)边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)外侧修(xiu)建挡(dang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)墙(qiang)，以维持边(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)稳(wen)定(ding)，抵挡(dang)泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)崩散，防止土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)体(ti)(ti)变形(xing)失稳(wen)。