土工膜铺装施工在建筑工程中的具体应用

（一）土(tu)工(gong)膜在(zai)基础工(gong)程中的(de)应用

土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)在(zai)基(ji)础工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)主要应用于防(fang)渗和(he)加固。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)基(ji)处(chu)理中(zhong)，土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)铺设(she)(she)可以(yi)有效防(fang)止因地(di)(di)下(xia)水位上升引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)础软化或不(bu)均匀沉降(jiang)。例如(ru)，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)坑的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)水层施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，可采(cai)用厚度为(wei)1.5mm的(de)(de)(de)高密(mi)度聚乙(yi)烯（HDPE）土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)，通过(guo)热熔焊接技术处(chu)理接缝，以(yi)确保防(fang)渗效果(guo)。在(zai)具(ju)体施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，考虑到不(bu)同地(di)(di)区的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)质条件(jian)，土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)铺设(she)(she)方式(shi)和(he)厚度需(xu)做相应的(de)(de)(de)调整(zheng)。如(ru)在(zai)地(di)(di)质环境比较复杂的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)区，可能需(xu)要铺设(she)(she)厚度达2mm的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)铺设(she)(she)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)，不(bu)仅提升了(le)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)稳定性(xing)，也延长了(le)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物的(de)(de)(de)使用寿命。

（二）土工膜在水(shui)利工程中的应用

在水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜的(de)应用主要集中在水(shui)库(ku)(ku)、人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)湖(hu)及(ji)排水(shui)系统的(de)建设(she)(she)上(shang)。以水(shui)库(ku)(ku)防(fang)渗工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程为(wei)例，铺(pu)设(she)(she)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜可(ke)(ke)(ke)有效防(fang)止(zhi)水(shui)体(ti)渗漏，提高水(shui)资源(yuan)的(de)利(li)用率。一般情况下，在水(shui)库(ku)(ku)的(de)坝(ba)体(ti)内铺(pu)设(she)(she)厚度(du)为(wei)1.2mm的(de)HDPE土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜，铺(pu)设(she)(she)长度(du)根(gen)据坝(ba)体(ti)规模确定(ding)，而对于(yu)一座容量约(yue)为(wei)10000m3的(de)小型水(shui)库(ku)(ku)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)需(xu)(xu)要铺(pu)设(she)(she)总长约(yue)5000m的(de)土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜[1]。水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中，土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜的(de)抗(kang)拉强度(du)、抗(kang)穿刺性(xing)能(neng)需(xu)(xu)符合(he)国家标准，例如(ru)抗(kang)拉强度(du)不能(neng)低于(yu)28MPa，以保证在长期水(shui)压作用下土(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)膜的(de)稳定(ding)性(xing)和可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)。

（三）土工膜在环境保护工程中的应用

在(zai)(zai)环(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)护工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)应用(yong)包括垃(la)圾填埋场(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)封闭处(chu)理(li)、废水处(chu)理(li)池的(de)(de)建设(she)等。以垃(la)圾填埋场(chang)(chang)为例(li)(li)，在(zai)(zai)填埋场(chang)(chang)底部(bu)和(he)侧壁铺设(she)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)，可(ke)以有效(xiao)防(fang)止垃(la)圾渗(shen)滤液污染周围土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤和(he)地下水。环(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)护工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，通(tong)常(chang)使用(yong)厚(hou)度为2mm的(de)(de)HDPE土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)，并要求土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)具有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)化学稳定性，以抵抗(kang)各类化学物质的(de)(de)侵蚀。例(li)(li)如(ru)，容(rong)量约为50000m3的(de)(de)中型垃(la)圾填埋场(chang)(chang)，可(ke)能需要铺设(she)总面(mian)积(ji)约100000m2的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)。在(zai)(zai)环(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)护工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中应用(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)膜(mo)(mo)，不仅提升(sheng)了(le)环(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)护工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果，也为可(ke)持(chi)续发(fa)展(zhan)作出(chu)了(le)贡献。