土工布应用关键环节：基底处理如何决定道路工程寿命？

市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)核(he)心(xin)(xin)：基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)与(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)加筋(jin)(jin)技(ji)术的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)(shi)操要(yao)(yao)点 在(zai)(zai)现(xian)代市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)加筋(jin)(jin)技(ji)术应用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)(yao)核(he)心(xin)(xin)环节(jie)，其施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量直(zhi)接决定(ding)(ding)后(hou)(hou)续(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推进(jin)(jin)(jin)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)，更(geng)对(dui)(dui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)整(zheng)(zheng)体(ti)承(cheng)载(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)、稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)寿命产生(sheng)决定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)影响(xiang)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)层(ceng)(ceng)结(jie)构的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)接支撑载(zai)(zai)体(ti)，处(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)(xin)目(mu)标(biao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仅是打(da)造(zao)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)坚(jian)(jian)实(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)力(li)(li)(li)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)础，更(geng)要(yao)(yao)通过科(ke)学工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺实(shi)(shi)现(xian)隔离杂(za)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、疏导排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、优化(hua)受(shou)力(li)(li)(li)传递的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多重(zhong)功能(neng)(neng)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)铺(pu)(pu)设(she)(she)(she)、路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)填(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)后(hou)(hou)续(xu)环节(jie)筑(zhu)(zhu)牢(lao)根基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。 基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)前(qian)期(qi)准(zhun)(zhun)备(bei)：清理(li)与(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)础整(zheng)(zheng)形 基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一步(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)聚焦 “洁净与(yu)平整(zheng)(zheng)”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)续(xu)强化(hua)处(chu)理(li)创造(zao)前(qian)提条件。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人员需(xu)(xu)全面(mian)(mian)清除基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)范围内的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杂(za)草、树(shu)根、腐殖(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)有机质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，这类物(wu)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐烂(lan)会导致基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均匀(yun)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)，严(yan)(yan)重(zhong)破坏道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)结(jie)构稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。同时，要(yao)(yao)彻底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)清理(li)尖锐石(shi)(shi)块、混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)残渣等(deng)硬性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)异物(wu)，避免(mian)后(hou)(hou)续(xu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序中(zhong)刺(ci)穿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)损伤加筋(jin)(jin)结(jie)构。清理(li)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)压路(lu)(lu)机分层(ceng)(ceng)碾(nian)压平整(zheng)(zheng)，确(que)(que)保(bao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表面(mian)(mian)无(wu)明显起伏，初步(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)均匀(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受(shou)力(li)(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)续(xu)针对(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)处(chu)理(li)打(da)下(xia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)础。 不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同地(di)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)条件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)针对(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)处(chu)理(li)方(fang)案 市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)地(di)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)条件复杂(za)多样(yang)，需(xu)(xu)根据土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)采取差异化(hua)处(chu)理(li)策(ce)略(lve)，确(que)(que)保(bao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)强度(du)(du)(du)与(yu)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)达(da)标(biao)。 软土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)处(chu)理(li)：对(dui)(dui)于承(cheng)载(zai)(zai)力(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)软土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，优先(xian)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂石(shi)(shi)或(huo)级(ji)配碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)换填(tian)处(chu)理(li)，换填(tian)材(cai)(cai)料需(xu)(xu)保(bao)证颗粒均匀(yun)、级(ji)配合(he)理(li)，分层(ceng)(ceng)填(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)厚度(du)(du)(du)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai) 20-30cm，每层(ceng)(ceng)碾(nian)压后(hou)(hou)压实(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)需(xu)(xu)达(da)到(dao) 90% 以上(shang)，通过密(mi)实(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)料置(zhi)换软土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，提升基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)载(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。若软土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)层(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)超过 3m，单纯换填(tian)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)高、效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)有限，则采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥粉煤灰(hui)碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)桩（CFG 桩）进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)深(shen)层(ceng)(ceng)加固(gu)，桩径控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai) 500~1000mm，桩长(zhang)根据软土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)厚度(du)(du)(du)调整(zheng)(zheng)（一般不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超过 10m），桩间距设(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei) 1.5~2.5m，通过桩体(ti)与(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形成(cheng)(cheng)复合(he)地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，大幅提升整(zheng)(zheng)体(ti)刚度(du)(du)(du)。 特(te)殊土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)：针对(dui)(dui)膨胀(zhang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、湿(shi)陷(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)黄土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)具有遇水(shui)(shui)(shui)膨胀(zhang)、失(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)缩或(huo)受(shou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸湿(shi)后(hou)(hou)强度(du)(du)(du)骤(zhou)降(jiang)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)学改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)法处(chu)理(li)。选用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符合(he)强度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)级(ji)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥等(deng)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)材(cai)(cai)料，按设(she)(she)(she)计比(bi)例均匀(yun)掺拌(ban)入土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)，改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)需(xu)(xu)达(da)到(dao) 0.8~1.5m，确(que)(que)保(bao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)层(ceng)(ceng)完(wan)全覆(fu)盖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)区域，通过化(hua)学反(fan)应改(gai)(gai)变土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)结(jie)构，消除其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)优化(hua)与(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)配套(tao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良(liang)(liang)(liang)是导致基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)强度(du)(du)(du)衰(shuai)减、道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)早期(qi)损坏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)诱因，需(xu)(xu)在(zai)(zai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)阶段同步(bu)(bu)完(wan)善排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系统(tong)。在(zai)(zai)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位较高或(huo)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)畅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)段，首(shou)先(xian)铺(pu)(pu)设(she)(she)(she) 15~20cm 厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂垫(dian)层(ceng)(ceng)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)(ceng)，砂料选用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)粗砂，保(bao)证颗粒洁净、孔隙(xi)率(lv)适宜，形成(cheng)(cheng)高效(xiao)(xiao)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。砂垫(dian)层(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)方(fang)铺(pu)(pu)设(she)(she)(she)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)过滤(lv)层(ceng)(ceng)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)(xu)选用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)符合(he)设(she)(she)(she)计要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无(wu)纺或(huo)有纺型(xing)材(cai)(cai)料，确(que)(que)保(bao)抗拉(la)强度(du)(du)(du)、渗(shen)透系数达(da)标(biao)，其核(he)心(xin)(xin)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是阻(zu)止土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤颗粒进(jin)(jin)(jin)入砂垫(dian)层(ceng)(ceng)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)堵塞，同时兼顾隔离、防护功能(neng)(neng)，进(jin)(jin)(jin)一步(bu)(bu)提升基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)体(ti)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)关键要(yao)(yao)点 基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量直(zhi)接关系道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)整(zheng)(zheng)体(ti)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，需(xu)(xu)从(cong)材(cai)(cai)料、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺、验(yan)收(shou)三(san)个维度(du)(du)(du)严(yan)(yan)格管(guan)控。材(cai)(cai)料方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，换填(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)砂石(shi)(shi)、级(ji)配碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)，加固(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥、粉煤灰(hui)，改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)等(deng)，均需(xu)(xu)经过进(jin)(jin)(jin)场(chang)检验(yan)，确(que)(que)保(bao)各项指(zhi)标(biao)符合(he)设(she)(she)(she)计标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)；土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)材(cai)(cai)料需(xu)(xu)核(he)查出(chu)厂合(he)格证、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)检测报告，严(yan)(yan)禁(jin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)格产品(pin)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，分层(ceng)(ceng)填(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、碾(nian)压、掺拌(ban)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序需(xu)(xu)严(yan)(yan)格遵循(xun)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)规范，控制(zhi)填(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)厚度(du)(du)(du)、碾(nian)压遍数、材(cai)(cai)料掺量等(deng)关键参数，避免(mian)偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)减料。验(yan)收(shou)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，每道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)需(xu)(xu)进(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)现(xian)场(chang)检测，包括基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)压实(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)、强度(du)(du)(du)、平整(zheng)(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)、排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)等(deng)指(zhi)标(biao)，检测合(he)格后(hou)(hou)方(fang)可(ke)进(jin)(jin)(jin)入下(xia)一道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，确(que)(que)保(bao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)处(chu)理(li)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量全程(cheng)可(ke)控。 经上(shang)述系统(tong)处(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)，市(shi)政(zheng)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)强度(du)(du)(du)、刚度(du)(du)(du)和(he)整(zheng)(zheng)体(ti)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)将得到(dao)显著提升，有效(xiao)(xiao)规避后(hou)(hou)期(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)沉(chen)(chen)降(jiang)、开裂、渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量问题(ti)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)铺(pu)(pu)设(she)(she)(she)、加筋(jin)(jin)结(jie)构安装及后(hou)(hou)续(xu)路(lu)(lu)面(mian)(mian)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)创造(zao)安全、稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作业(ye)条件，为(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)长(zhang)期(qi)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)运行(xing)(xing)(xing)提供坚(jian)(jian)实(shi)(shi)保(bao)障。