从粘土到 HDPE 膜，防渗工艺的性价比之王竟是它！

人工(gong)(gong)(gong)夯实(shi)(shi)粘土(tu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)层：该(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)需选用优(you)(you)质(zhi)粘土(tu)作为(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)基材(cai)(cai)，且(qie)粘土(tu)层严禁混入石块、尖锐(rui)杂物(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)杂质(zhi)。其(qi)对粘土(tu)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)有着明确要求，液限指数需控(kong)制在(zai)(zai) 25%-30%，塑限指数为(wei)(wei) 10%-15%，压实(shi)(shi)密度(du)不(bu)低于(yu) 95%，防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)层厚度(du)也不(bu)得小于(yu) 2.0m。该(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)渗(shen)(shen)透(tou)系数达(da) 10cm/s 量级(ji)(ji)，但(dan)(dan)实(shi)(shi)际(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)不(bu)仅(jin)难度(du)极(ji)(ji)大(da)，质(zhi)量把控(kong)也极(ji)(ji)具(ju)挑战。同(tong)时(shi)其(qi)造价(jia)偏高(gao)(gao)，达(da) 80 - 90 元 / 平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，相比(bi)其(qi)他(ta)防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)缺乏成本优(you)(you)势。 钠基膨(peng)润土(tu)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)：此类卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)具(ju)备(bei)稳定性(xing)强的(de)优(you)(you)势，且(qie)能(neng)(neng)通过自(zi)动膨(peng)胀实(shi)(shi)现缝(feng)隙的(de)弥(mi)合(he)(he)与填补，渗(shen)(shen)透(tou)系数同(tong)样为(wei)(wei) 10cm/s 量级(ji)(ji)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)效果较为(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)观。其(qi)造价(jia)相对亲民，约 40 - 50 元 / 平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米，但(dan)(dan)存在(zai)(zai)明显短板。卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)自(zi)身(shen)抗拉强度(du)偏低，对施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)条件(jian)要求严苛(ke)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)季节选择、局部排水是否通畅(chang)等(deng)因素(su)，都会对防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)质(zhi)量产生较大(da)影响。尤(you)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)规(gui)则地形铺设时(shi)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)难度(du)会大(da)幅(fu)增加，进一步制约了其(qi)适用性(xing)。 HDPE 膜(mo)防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)：HDPE 膜(mo)属于(yu)高(gao)(gao)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，渗(shen)(shen)透(tou)系数达(da) 10cm/s 量级(ji)(ji)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)效果稳固可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠(kao)。它具(ju)备(bei)诸多突出性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，不(bu)仅(jin)拉伸强度(du)高(gao)(gao)、断裂伸长率大(da)，还拥(yong)有极(ji)(ji)强的(de)抗刺穿(chuan)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，同(tong)时(shi)能(neng)(neng)抵御(yu)微生物(wu)(wu)(wu)与化学物(wu)(wu)(wu)质(zhi)的(de)侵蚀，对环境中(zhong)的(de)温(wen)度(du)、湿度(du)变化及紫外线照射(she)也有良好(hao)适应(ying)性(xing)，使用寿命可(ke)(ke)(ke)达(da) 50 年左右。在(zai)(zai)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)力(li)学性(xing)能(neng)(neng)上，HDPE 膜(mo)显著优(you)(you)于(yu)膨(peng)润土(tu)卷(juan)(juan)材(cai)(cai)，且(qie)能(neng)(neng)很好(hao)地适配(pei)地质(zhi)沉降不(bu)均匀(yun)的(de)场(chang)景。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，其(qi)铺设便(bian)捷(jie)，对山地、山谷等(deng)不(bu)规(gui)则地形适应(ying)性(xing)强；接(jie)缝(feng)采用热(re)焊机双(shuang)缝(feng)连接(jie)技术，接(jie)缝(feng)强度(du)高(gao)(gao)，搭配(pei)完善的(de)检测设备(bei)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)有效避免渗(shen)(shen)漏问题。该(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)造价(jia)适中(zhong)，单(dan)位工(gong)(gong)(gong)程造价(jia)约 50 元 / 平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米。综合(he)(he)各(ge)项指标，本工(gong)(gong)(gong)程最终(zhong)采用高(gao)(gao)等(deng)级(ji)(ji) HDPE 膜(mo)双(shuang)层防(fang)(fang)(fang)渗(shen)(shen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)(yi)。